George W. Bush more like T. Roosevelt as opposed to Taft and Wilson Essay Example for Free

George W. Bush more like T. Roosevelt as opposed to Taft and Wilson Essay President George W. Bush’s post September 11th policy certainly shows great resemblances to President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy more than that of Taft or Wilson. Roosevelt had a more stern policy, encouraging the forceful defense of the nation and the spreading of democracy and Christian ideals to less fortunate countries. This was very much so a direct correlation to what Bush tried to do Taft’s policy emphasized economic ideals in that he argued the US should lend out money and help countries elevate their economic status in order for the promotion of peace and prosperity throughout the world. Wilson’s policy emphasized morality, and the â€Å"nice guy† standpoint of how the US should carry out obligations. Consequently, President George Bush’s policy is a better reflection of President Theodore Roosevelt’s policy more than Taft’s or Wilson’s policy because of the military and political ideals that the two policies share. President Bush’s post September 11 policy reflects Roosevelt’s is because of the swift, stern actions that Bush’s administration took after the attacks on the nation. As Bush sent the troops over to Iraq quickly and in great numbers, the administration sent a candid and stern message. The United States would not stand for an attack on its soil, and those who did so would receive grave punishment for their actions. This message echoes the morals behind the â€Å"big Stick† policy. Just as Theodore Roosevelt once said, â€Å"Speak softly and carry a big stick.† Theodore Roosevelt believed that power was an important and unavoidable thing in foreign affairs. He also noted in his addition to the Monroe Doctrine (called the Roosevelt Corollary) that if any nation in the Western Hemisphere appeared in a political or fiscal situation that would allow for European control, the US should intervene. With an imperialistic outlook on the world, Roosevelt made the US a nation that constantly intervened and helped Latin American countries avoid European interference in the Western Hemisphere. Examples of this lie in Theodore Roosevelt actions when he made Cuba a protectorate, took Guam and Puerto Rico, as well as when he ventured out and involved the United States in the counterinsurgency of the Philippines all in order to fortify the existence of democracy and Christianity and help the individuals of the nations govern themselves. These ideals and policies were mirrored in Bush’s actions when the US troops inhabited the Middle East, and the Bush administration took it upon itself to take advantage of their occupancy of the lands by spreading its ideals of democracy and ‘correct’ political procedures. By doing this, the Bush Administration had essentially identified these locations in the Middle East as lesser fortunate nations, deemed themselves fit to help these regions, and force their ‘help’ past the governments of the regions and to the people. This decision and series of actions greatly resembles the actions and opinions of Roosevelt’s Corollary. Taft’s policy by contrast, was more of the United States venturing out to foreign land allowing for each foreign nation’s gradual acquiring of political and economic power through US investment in the countries’ infrastructures, which has little to do with Bush’s initial choice to attack the Middle East after September 11. Taft used Dollar Diplomacy, instead of military force. He wanted control and to aid businessmen in the US, and was in strong favor of solving problems via economic means rather than militarily. He saw his policy as humanitarian, for stabilization improved the living scale and conditions. For instance, in Nicaragua during 1912, the government would default on its debts, which might mean European intervention. The US offered to loan money (by private men) if the US could have some supervision over Nicaraguan finances. Bush’s post September 11 policy does not mirror this because he was in favor of military force and making it known militarily that the US could not be attacked without grave punishment. Wilson however based his policy on Morality. Bush’s post September 11th policy did not wholly reflect Wilson’s policy because Wilson’s Missionary policy aimed more in the direction of seeking peace and prosperity by means of creating pathways for institutions to branch out globally while Bush’s aim after the September 11 attacks was to retaliate forcefully and brutally (neither of which was peaceful). For instance, when the Japanese attempted, in the notorious Twenty-one Demands (1915), to reduce China almost to the status of a Japanese protectorate, he persuaded them to modify their conditions slightly. The Twenty-One Demands required that China immediately cease its leasing of territory to foreign powers and to ascent to Japanese control over Manchuria and Shandong (Shantung) among other demands. Such persuasion as opposed to attack and forcefully making the US point reveals the difference between Bush’s and Wilson’s policy. Consequently, it is evident that President Bush’s post September 11 policy best resembles Roosevelt’s â€Å"big stick† diplomacy. Roosevelt’s policy was based on pragmatism as well as the idea of the nation’s obligatory retaliation to threats and attacks on the nation’s soil. His belief in the United States’ obligation to help foreign nations in need of political/military assistance is also a part of his policy. After the September 11th attacks, each of these ideals was echoed in President George W. Bush’s new foreign policy in that he reacted to the tragedy through military retaliation and force. Additionally once occupying the lands, the Bush administration chose to assist the Iraqi people and help them acquire the democratic ideals the US holds so dearly.

Antigone :: essays research papers

Antigone, a play written by Sophocles, became a classic due to its timeless subject matter. In this play, the Greek dramatist reflected mainly on civil disobedience. Antigone believes in individual rights over state rights. Creon, however, strongly believes in putting state over religion. The play not only revolves on these two political and religious issues, but it also deals with the battle of the sexes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play is about a strong-willed woman, Antigone, defying the laws of a proud king, Creon. Antigone is torn between her devotion to the gods, her brother Polynices, and her loyalty to the king. Creon, ruler of Thebes, issued the order to leave the traitor Polynices’ body unburied.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He must be left unburied, his corpse carrion for the birds and dogs to tear, an obscenity for the citizens to behold! (229-31) Antigone was not about to simply obey Creon’s absurd decree. She felt that her personal responsibility was to the gods and her family rather than the king. She then asked Ismene, her sister, to assist her with the burial, but was denied any help. Ismene justified her decision by telling Antigone that they were already punished and that there was no need to make matters worse for the two of them by defying Creon’s law. Oh my sister, think- think how our own father died, hated,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his reputation in ruins, driven on by the crimes he brought to light himself to gouge out his eyes with his own hands- then mother†¦his mother and wife, both in one,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mutilating her life in the twisted noose-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and last, our two brothers dead in a single day,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  both shedding there won blood, poor suffering boys,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  battling out their common destiny hand-to-hand. (60-69) I, for one, I’ll beg the dead to forgive me— I’m forced, I have no choice—I must obey the ones who stand in power. Why rush to extremes? It’s madness, madness. (78-81) Antigone was disappointed at first, but decided that she will bury Polynices with or without Ismene’s help. You have your excuses. I am on my way, I’ll raise a mound for him, for my dear brother. (95-96) Creon was warned about a plan to bury Polynices and later found the culprit, Antigone. He issued a death sentence for her defying action. Creon informed his son, Haemon, of his fiancee’s deceit. Haemon, however, defended his beloved fiancà ©e. He told his father that the whole city was on her side, but everybody was afraid to speak out against him.

Pros and Cons of Television Essay

Television is one invention that serves as a type of role model for Americans everywhere. This mechanism is in almost every room in our home and people canÂ’t help but turn on the switch to see what is showing. Some only rely on a television as their only source of entertainment and some view it as a way to get the family together. But one thing for certain is that television has some characteristic that draws humans to the screen and most people reflect what they watch. The television is an unavoidable technology that shapes peopleÂ’s lives, on that can both benefit and harm its viewers. Although television is unavoidable, it does have its benefits. Almost every American has one TV in one room of their home. The news channel is one of the most widely watched program in the world. People watch news as a source of what is happening during the day. Before work, a woman would turn on the news, to check how the weather is so she can pick out the right outfit. Or some may check the news just to take a glance at traffic to see which roads to avoid in order to make it to work on time. The news also benefits children. It helps them understand what is going on in the world. “News, current events and historical programming can help make young people more aware of other cultures and people.” ( Media Education Resources, 18 Oct 2006. http://www.media-awareness.ca) Some news casts help by showing the latest threats in places or even in food reports, which are good things to be aware of. Some people also find the joy in knowing about the latest product on the market or a br and new diet test. However, the news might not show decent programming for all audiences all the time. The potential harm in television is the violence that is shown on almost every channel, but particularly in the news. The news is the place where most of the violence is shown and worse, the violence is real. The news reaches all audiences which means children are exposed to this violence. But the violence show is harmful to all its viewers. “Some local news shows go out of their way in search of violence.” (Online News Hour, 18 Oct 2006. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/media_violence.html) When kids witness violence on the news, it gives them ideas and it shapes their view on the world. The same goes for young adults. Most of the violence on the news are by young  adults who are in gangs or a student at school. Worse is that the violence is shown in detail and shows every act from explosions to gun shots, to fist fights. These kinds of scenes are not ones that should be exposed to young children and adults. “As more violence is reported in the news and as young children spend more time involved with media, they are more likely to hear disturbing news.” (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 18 Oct 2006. http://www.naeyc.org/ece/2003/01.asp) The news is a helpful program to have, but not when disturbing images are shown. Most Americans who own a TV watch it for an excessive amount of hours, mainly children, so they are bound to see some amount of violence while watching. Some may stumble upon it on accident so they have those frightening images in their mind. Parents are concerned that their kids watch the violence because they are entertained by it. Some kids might have to watch news casts for homework assignments and find helpful information about the country they live in, but they also might see some of the dangers that are here as well. The fact is that the news has the habit of showing clips of “disturbance” during their supposed innocent broadcasts. Overall the news does have its advantages and its disadvantages just like television. The television is an unavoidable technology that shapes peopleÂ’s lives, one that can both benefit and harm its viewers.

Federalism and Education - 753 Words

After careful consideration, I have selected Mississippi State Senator Chris Massey (R-Hernando) to interview about the topic of federalism. Senator Massey is a first term state senator from the first district. The first district is made up the entire city of Hernando. Senator Massey is self-described â€Å"new to politics†. He has served in the past has president of the Mississippi association of builders. He is a builder by profession and resides in northern Hernando. Senator Massey stated the most important reason why he decided to involved in politics was education. Senator Massey made education the main focus of his campaign against former State Senator Doug Davis (R-Hernando) and loves to talk about it. I selected Senator Massey because†¦show more content†¦Senator Massey believes the program is going to cost the state of Mississippi money it does not have to spend. Senator Massey believes that obamacare is just another example of how the federal government is o verstepping its constitutional boundaries. In conclusion, I believe Senator Massey would be considered a states’ rights republican that believes strongly in the tenth amendment. Senator Massey believes strongly in states’ authority. Senator Massey believes that local and state governments know what is better for their state than the federal government. Senator Massey lack of knowledge on the subject was shocking, due to his great level of responsibly. At times the questions were overwhelming to the freshman state senator. In hindsight, I should have chosen an elected official with more experience and knowledge on the subjectShow MoreRelatedFederalism in Government Policy toward Education Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesEducation is the key to our future and that is why it is such an important subject in the United States. 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Over time the seeds for strong central government grew; wars, economicRead MoreThe Concept of Federalism in the US1083 Words   |  4 PagesFederalism Paper The concept of Federalism in the U.S. has experienced a lot of progress through time and it is presently considered to have a positive impact on the country as a whole and on the way that states govern themselves. Even with this, education has always been a field that Federalism focused on, considering that it emphasized the importance of government involvement in the way that education is provided. There is actually much controversy regarding this topic, as even though contemporaryRead MoreFederalism Vs. Cooperative Federalism1469 Words   |  6 PagesRight now the current form of Federalism that the United States uses today is called New Federalism, or Cooperative Federalism. Cooperative Federalism was created as a political model around 1937 that emphasized â€Å"teamwork† between the National and State governments. This was created to ensure that both governments would work together in order to provide services more efficiently in the Nation. This is why Cooperative Feder alism is appealing to this day and still exercised, because the U.S. has stillRead MoreMajor Issues in the High Court Review 2006931 Words   |  4 Pages The major issues in the high court review 2006: Australian Federalism – implications of the work choices decision is that it seems unlikely that voters would have supported the characterisation of the corporation power that was adopted by the court. This might be viewed as a problem. This is argued that the majority’s disregard of failed referendums constitutes usurpation of the people’s privilege to change constitution as certain. Callinan J stated that the view of the people was appropriate arbitersRead MorePros And Cons Of Federalism1078 Words   |  5 Pagesbest efforts to distinguish the pros and cons of Federalism. In my opinion I believe that federalism works in many first world countries, but it would have a harder time working in third world countries. Federalism comes with many advantages and its own unique disadvantages. Federalism provides basic security to its citizens and provides government security with all the dispersed levels of government to s pread out power. The cons that follow federalism are the protection of the power and laws may alsoRead MoreEssay on Why Framers Chose Federalism1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Federalism is a system of government that divides governing power and authority between the national governments and the state governments (Bowman). In 1787, the framers of the constitution chose this specific type of government to rule over the United States. I will show you that the framers chose this system of government for several different types of reasons. Reasons are because the national government was not strong enough, to maintain the states sovereignty, and it will protectRead MoreDifferences Between Dual Federalism And Cooperative Federalism969 Words   |  4 Pagesdual federalism and cooperative federalism? Be sure to fully address what federalism is and why it was created. 1000 words. Dual federalism is a term used to describe a circumstance in which national and state governments are sovereign and equal within their constitutionally allocated spheres of authority. Federalism is a concept that refers to a system of government in which power is shared between the national and non-national governments. Cooperative Federalism is a model of federalism in whichRead MoreThe Federal Vs. State1058 Words   |  5 Pagesshould hold. Do you feel like dual federalism gives the states too much power? Do you feel like cooperative federalism was bad because there was no distinction between the federal government and the state government? Do you think that categorical grants are better than block grants because the money has a more specific purpose? From 1789 to 1937, most fundamental powers were distinctive between the federal and state governments. The main problem with dual federalism was that states did most of theRead Morewhat is federalism1004 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ What is Federalism? Carmen Torres Prof. Tracy Herman POL 110: US Government May 18, 2014 Abstract This paper will illustrate what is the meaning of federalism and what it does for us. I will talk about how it helps our political system and if it does us any good. How has federalism changed the behavior to our American society? Does federalism affect us or does it help us see a better political view? Things like this is something I would be covering in my paper. Everything

The Geography of Oceania, the Pacific Islands

Oceania is the name of the region consisting of island groups within the Central and South Pacific Ocean. It spans over 3.3 million square miles (8.5 million sq km). Some of the countries included in Oceania are Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Samoa, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Palau, Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, Kiribati,  and Nauru. Oceania also includes several dependencies and territories such as American Samoa, Johnston Atoll,  and French Polynesia. Physical Geography In terms of its physical geography, the islands of Oceania are often divided into four different sub-regions based on the geologic processes playing a role in their physical development. The first of these is Australia. It is separated because of its location in the middle of the Indo-Australian Plate and the fact that, due to its location, there was no mountain building during its development. Instead, Australias current physical landscape features were formed mainly by erosion. The second landscape category in Oceania is the islands found on the collision boundaries between the Earths crustal plates. These are found specifically in the South Pacific. For example, at the collision boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific plates are places like New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,  and the Solomon Islands. The North Pacific portion of Oceania also features these types of landscapes along the Eurasian and Pacific plates. These plate collisions are responsible for the formation of mountains like those in New Zealand, which climb to over 10,000 feet (3,000 m). Volcanic islands such as Fiji are the third category of landscape types found in Oceania. These islands typically rise from the seafloor through hotspots in the Pacific Ocean basin. Most of these areas consist of very small islands with high mountain ranges. Finally, coral reef islands and atolls such as Tuvalu are the last type of landscape found in Oceania. Atolls specifically are responsible for the formation of low-lying land regions, some with enclosed lagoons. Climate Most of Oceania is divided into two climate zones. The first of these is temperate and the second is tropical. Most of Australia and all of New Zealand are within the temperate zone and most of the island areas in the Pacific are considered tropical. Oceanias temperate regions feature high levels of precipitation, cold winters, and warm to hot summers. The tropical regions in Oceania are hot and wet year round. In addition to these climatic zones, most of Oceania is impacted by continuous trade winds and sometimes hurricanes (called tropical cyclones in Oceania) which have historically caused catastrophic damage to countries and islands in the region. Flora and Fauna Because most of Oceania is tropical or temperate, there is an abundant amount of rainfall which produces tropical and temperate rainforests throughout the region. Tropical rainforests are common in some of the island countries located near the tropics, while temperate rainforests are common in New Zealand. In both of these types of forests, there is a plethora of plant and animal species, making Oceania one of the worlds most biodiverse regions. It is important to note, however, that not all of Oceania receives abundant rainfall, and portions of the region are arid or semiarid. Australia, for example, features large areas of arid land which have little vegetation. In addition, El Nià ±o has caused frequent droughts in recent decades in Northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Oceanias fauna, like its flora, is also extremely biodiverse. Because much of the area consists of islands, unique species of birds, animals,  and insects evolved out of isolation from others. The presence of coral reefs such as the Great Barrier Reef and Kingman Reef also represent large areas of biodiversity and some are considered biodiversity hotspots. Population Most recently in 2018, Oceanias population was around 41 million people, with the majority centered in Australia and New Zealand. Those two countries alone accounted for more than 28 million people, while Papua New Guinea had a population of over 8 million. The remaining population of Oceania is scattered around the various islands making up the region. Urbanization Like its population distribution, urbanization and industrialization also vary in Oceania. 89% of Oceanias urban areas are in Australia and New Zealand and these countries also have the most well-established infrastructure. Australia, in particular, has many raw minerals and energy sources, and manufacturing is a large part of its and Oceanias economy. The rest of Oceania and specifically the Pacific islands are not well developed. Some of the islands have rich natural resources, but the majority do not. In addition, some of the island nations do not even have enough clean drinking water or food to supply to their citizens. Agriculture Agriculture is also important in Oceania and there are three types which are common in the region. These include subsistence agriculture, plantation crops ,  and capital-intensive agriculture. Subsistence agriculture occurs on most of the Pacific islands and is done to support local communities. Cassava, taro, yams, and sweet potatoes are the most common products of this type of agriculture. Plantation crops are planted on the medium tropical islands while capital-intensive agriculture is practiced mainly in Australia and New Zealand. Economy Fishing is a significant source of revenue because many islands have maritime exclusive economic zones that extend for 200 nautical miles and many small islands have granted permission to foreign countries to fish the region via fishing licenses.   Tourism is also important to Oceania because many of the tropical islands like Fiji offer aesthetic beauty, while Australia and New Zealand are modern cities with modern amenities. New Zealand has also become an area centered on the growing field of ecotourism.

Prostitution And Deviance Examination Of Theories...

Prostitution and Deviance: Examination of Theories Amongst Positivist and Constructionist Perspectives Within Society Deviance is behavior, beliefs or characteristics that many people in a society find or would find offensive and which excite, upon discovery, disapproval, punishment, condemnation, or hostility (Goode, 2011 p. 3). Most scientists will agree that a person s most basic needs, physiologically, are breathing, food, water, sleep, and sex. If all of these are the most basic to human s needs, then how can sex be thought of as an act that is deviant? Deviance can be any behavior, belief or thought, that one person or society does not agree with, so basically anything we do, say, or think, could be considered to be deviant through the eyes of another person, culture or society. Defined by Merriam-Webster s Concise Encyclopedia, Prostitution is the practice of engaging in sexual activity, usually with individuals other than a spouse or friend, in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuables (Merriam-Webster, 2014). When looking at this definition, most would agree that prostitution is the epitome of deviance. Prostitution is also one of the oldest professions in history, dating back to the bible and the old western days. Depending on the time in history, the society involved, the culture of the people within those societies, prostitution has been considered legal, illegal, acceptable, or deviant. This view changes depending on the time,

Free Sample Solution on Introduction To Algorithms- My Assignment Help

Question: Discuss ? Use the Library and other resources to research divide-and-conquer sorting algorithms and how they compare to standard sorting algorithms? Answer: Introduction Two selected sorting algorithms based on divide and conquer technique are, quick sort and merge sort. Another sorting algorithm based on standard technique is bubble sort. In the following sections there will be discussions on three of these algorithms along with comparison between the algorithms based on divide and conquer technique and the algorithm based on standard technique. The comparison will reveal the differences between the performances of the algorithm, if there is any. Quick Sort Quick sort is a divide and conquer based sorting algorithm that is widely used. For an array of n elements, quick sort algorithm will work in the following way, It will pick the pivot element p from the array. Based on the selection of the pivot element the array will be divided into three sub arrays, The pivot element p itself. All elements that are less than p are in sub array 1. All elements that are larger than p are in sub array 2. Then the above steps will be repeated recursively for both of the sub arrays. In this way, in each iteration the selected pivot element will get its right place in the sorted array. Selection of the pivot element is very important for the time complexity of the quicksort algorithm. This is an in place sorting algorithm. As, the algorithm does three basic operation in each iteration, one partitioning and two recursive calls. Partitioning step has time complexity, (n). Hence, for an array with n elements, the time complexity will be, (Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein, 2011) T(n) = (n) + T(i) + T(n 1- i) here, i is the size of the sub array 1 after partitioning. For initial conditions, T(0) = T(1) = 1. Now, the time complexities for best, average and worst cases are, Best Case Average Case Worst Case The median element is selected as the pivot element in each case. Hence, for an array with n elements, T(n) = (n) + 2T(n/2) = (nlogn) On average the time complexity of quick sort is also (nlogn).(MIT, 2015) The smallest or the largest element of the array has been selected as pivot element in each iteration. Hence, each time there will be one empty sub array and another sub array with one element less from the parent array. Hence, T(n) = (n) + T(n-1) = (n2) Merge Sort Merge sort is another divide and conquer based sorting algorithm that works in the following way, Given an unsorted list or array of n elements, the algorithm divides it recursively into n number of sub lists or sub array. In each iteration a sub list is broken down into halves. Then, the algorithm merges the sub lists repeatedly into sorted sub lists until there is only a single sorted sub list of n elements. The time complexity is, T(n) = 2T(n/2) + (n). Here, (n) is for merging of the n sub lists. Now, Best Case Average Case Worst Case This is (nlogn) Average case running time of merge sort is (nlogn) (Sedgewick Wayne, 2011) When two of the largest values are in two different sub lists. The worst case running time of merge sort is (nlogn). Bubble Sort In bubble sort, given an array of n elements, each element is compared with adjacent element to decide whether it is greater than, less than or same. Then two elements can be swapped based on the comparison. In each iteration, the largest element of the array will be pushed towards the end. The time complexity will be O(n2) as each element can be compared against rest of the elements. Best Case Average Case Worst Case In this case, the array is already sorted. Hence, only one comparison in each step will be needed. Hence, the time complexity is O(n). In average case, the time complexity is O(n2). (Kleinberg Tardos, 2013) In this case, the given array is reversely sorted. Hence the number of comparisons in each iteration will be, (n-1) + (n-2)+ + 2+1 = n(n-1)/2 = O(n2) Comparison of Time Complexities From the time complexity analysis of the algorithms, (McAllister, 2010) Algorithm Best Case Average Case Worst Case Quick sort (nlogn) (nlogn) (n2) Merge sort (nlogn) (nlogn) (nlogn) Bubble Sort O(n) O(n2) O(n2) As, asymptotically O(n2) is bigger than (nlogn), hence, the algorithms based on divide and conquer technique, reduce time for sorting. How Divide and Conquer helps in reduction of time complexity in sorting Divide and conquer use recursion to reduce the time complexity of sorting algorithm. It breaks the problem into smaller sub problem then solves those recursively rather than doing the same thing again and again for the entire problem. Reduction of the problem size helps in reducing the time for solving the problem. Thus time is saved. (Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein, 2011). References Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L., Stein, C. (2011). Introduction to Algorithms. MIT Press. Kleinberg, J., Tardos, . (2013). Algorithm Design. Pearson. McAllister, W. (2010). Data Structures and Algorithms Using Java. Jones Bartlett Publishers. MIT. (2015). Introduction to Algorithms (SMA 5503). Retrieved from MIT OpenCourseWare: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-introduction-to-algorithms-sma-5503-fall-2005/ Sedgewick, R., Wayne, K. (2011). Algorithms . Addison-Wesley Professional.